In Focus: Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. It is a common condition, affecting between 3 and 5% % of people at some point in their lives. Frozen shoulder usually develops over a period of months, and goes through three stages:

Freezing stage: This is the first stage, and it is characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulder. The pain is usually worse at night and when you try to move your shoulder.
Frozen stage: This is the middle stage, and it is the most painful stage. The shoulder becomes very stiff, and it can be difficult to move even slightly.
Thawing stage: This is the final stage, and it is characterized by gradual improvement in the pain and stiffness. The shoulder gradually becomes more mobile, and the pain usually disappears.

What causes frozen shoulder?

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is unknown, but it is thought to be due to a combination of factors, including:

Age: Frozen shoulder is more common in people over the age of 40.
Gender: Women are more likely to develop frozen shoulder than men.
Injury to the shoulder: A previous shoulder injury or surgery can increase your risk of developing frozen shoulder.
Medical conditions: Some medical conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid problems, and heart disease, can increase your risk of developing frozen shoulder.
Immobility: If you have to keep your shoulder immobilized for a period of time, such as after surgery or an injury, you are more likely to develop frozen shoulder.
Smoking: Smoking can increase your risk of developing frozen shoulder.
Stress: Stress can contribute to frozen shoulder.

How is frozen shoulder diagnosed?

Frozen shoulder is usually diagnosed by a doctor or physiotherapist. We will take a history of your symptoms and examine your shoulder. We may also recommend further investigations such as X-ray or MRI scans to rule out other conditions.

How is frozen shoulder treated?

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for frozen shoulder, but the most common treatments include:

Physiotherapy: the physio treatment will vary dependent on the stage of your frozen shoulder but can include massage, mobilisations of the shoulder joint, stretches and exercises. The aim is to improve the range of motion, flexibility and strength of the shoulder joint.
Anti-inflammatory medication: Anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can help to reduce pain and inflammation.
Corticosteroid injections: Corticosteroid injections can help to reduce inflammation and pain.
Surgery: Surgery is rarely necessary for frozen shoulder. It may be considered if other treatments have failed to improve the symptoms

How long does frozen shoulder last?

Frozen shoulder usually lasts for about 12-18 months. However, in some cases, it can last for longer.

If you are experiencing pain and stiffness in your shoulder, it is important to seek help from a suitable medical professional, such as a physiotherapist to get a diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention is important for improving the outcome of frozen shoulder.

Frozen shoulder can be a frustrating condition, but don't give up- it usually gets better with time and treatment.